CFP last date
28 October 2026
Reseach Article

YorùbáÒwe: A Rule based Bidirectional Web System for Yorùbá–English Idiom and Proverb Translation with Context Aware Disambiguation

by O.A. Odeniyi, O.O. Ogunsuyi, A.R. Akinwumi
International Journal of Applied Information Systems
Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Volume 13 - Number 5
Year of Publication: 2026
Authors: O.A. Odeniyi, O.O. Ogunsuyi, A.R. Akinwumi
10.5120/ijais6c1e39db34cb

O.A. Odeniyi, O.O. Ogunsuyi, A.R. Akinwumi . YorùbáÒwe: A Rule based Bidirectional Web System for Yorùbá–English Idiom and Proverb Translation with Context Aware Disambiguation. International Journal of Applied Information Systems. 13, 5 ( Oct 2026), 29-46. DOI=10.5120/ijais6c1e39db34cb

@article{ 10.5120/ijais6c1e39db34cb,
author = { O.A. Odeniyi, O.O. Ogunsuyi, A.R. Akinwumi },
title = { YorùbáÒwe: A Rule based Bidirectional Web System for Yorùbá–English Idiom and Proverb Translation with Context Aware Disambiguation },
journal = { International Journal of Applied Information Systems },
issue_date = { Oct 2026 },
volume = { 13 },
number = { 5 },
month = { Oct },
year = { 2026 },
issn = { 2249-0868 },
pages = { 29-46 },
numpages = {9},
url = { https://www.ijais.org/archives/volume13/number5/yorubaowe-a-rule-based-bidirectional-web-system-for-yorubaenglish-idiom-and-proverb-translation-with-context-aware-disambiguation/ },
doi = { 10.5120/ijais6c1e39db34cb },
publisher = {Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA},
address = {New York, USA}
}
%0 Journal Article
%1 2026-10-05T23:58:05+05:30
%A O.A. Odeniyi
%A O.O. Ogunsuyi
%A A.R. Akinwumi
%T YorùbáÒwe: A Rule based Bidirectional Web System for Yorùbá–English Idiom and Proverb Translation with Context Aware Disambiguation
%J International Journal of Applied Information Systems
%@ 2249-0868
%V 13
%N 5
%P 29-46
%D 2026
%I Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Abstract

Idioms and proverbs (òwe) are central to Yorùbá discourse, yet computational Yorùbá NLP has concentrated on compositional tasks, leaving non-compositional expressions largely unaddressed. This study presents YorùbáÒwe, a publicly deployed web application for bidirectional Yorùbá↔English idiom and proverb translation. Its engine combines input normalization, sliding-window proverb detection, exact lexicon matching, near-match retrieval, rule-based context disambiguation, and word-level fallback. The engine's production source code was evaluated directly through a multi-layer evaluation. An initial evaluation against a 13-entry seed lexicon traced every Yorùbá-side miss (69.23% exact-match recall) to a hard-coded 12-token segmentation ceiling. The lexicon was then expanded to approximately 578 entries from a 568-pair Yorùbá–English proverb corpus, which was divided deterministically (80/20, random seed 42) into a 454-record Development/Lexicon Set and a 114-record Held-Out Test Set. All 13-unit tests passed, and the production build succeeded. On the Development/Lexicon Set the system retrieved the matching entry for 451/454 records (99.34% exact-match rate) and handled 806/818 controlled variants (98.53%); these figures describe lexicon-supported behavior, not general translation accuracy. On the Held-Out Test Set, evaluated with the held-out entries removed from the lexicon, reference-overlap scores were very low (BLEU 0.26, chrF 6.64, ROUGE-L F1 6.41; 0/114 exact textual matches), whereas a ChatGPT baseline on the same 114 records scored BLEU 38.42, chrF 58.77, and ROUGE-L F1 66.00 (4/114 exact textual matches). These metrics measure similarity to a single reference translation and do not establish translation quality. A human evaluation of 20 selected proverbs by three evaluators (60 judgments) gave mean ratings of 4.72/5 for meaning preservation, 4.72/5 for English naturalness, and 4.83/5 for cultural appropriateness, with 59/60 (98.33%) judged acceptable; an earlier 77-respondent evaluation of the 13 seed entries is also reported. YorùbáÒwe is therefore characterised as a lexicon-based, retrieval-oriented system whose coverage depends on its stored proverb knowledge.

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Index Terms

Computer Science
Information Sciences

Keywords

Yorùbá language; idiom translation; proverb translation; òwe; natural language processing; multiword expressions; low-resource language; rule-based lexicon matching; web-based system; held-out evaluation; LLM baseline; human evaluation.